Short-answer
- What is aggression? What kinds of aggression are there?
- Describe hot and cold aggression and how this relates to
physical and psychological aggression.
- What are the evolutionary explanations for aggression?
- What are the environmental (situational) explanations for
aggression?
- How does jealousy differ for men and women and why?
- What factors seem to contribute to or help prevent
e-aggression (internet aggression)?
- How does globalisation influence local aggression?
- How can aggression be minimised and possibly prevented?
- According to Lorenz, what is aggression good for?
Multiple choice
Adorno and colleagues argued that the authoritarian personality
was characterised by:
a. prejudice against minorities
b. an obsession with rank, dominance and power
c. conservative political views
d. rigid thinking
e. all of the above
According to Dollard et al.’s frustration-aggression hypothesis:
a. frustration always leads to aggression
b. aggressive people often get frustrated
c. frustration leads to anger that may or may not lead to aggression
d. frustration and aggression are not causally linked
e. children learn aggression and frustration from their parents
Sometimes vandalism is a response by members
of a disadvantaged group who feel that they have not received an
equitable deal from society. What they are experiencing is called :
a. a primordial aggressive instinct
b. dehumanisation
c. Thanatos
d. relative deprivation
e. deindividuation
A proposition in the sociobiological approach to aggression is that
aggressive behaviour:
a. eliminates weaker progeny by an inherited program
b. is based on modelling
c. promotes the survival of an individual long enough to transmit
genes
d. is transmitted to the young by excitation transfer
e. is an entirely learned response
In a series of experiments conducted by Zimbardo (1970) participants
were required to wear cloaks and hoods, and in one study they gave
electric shocks to a female confederate engaged in a learning task.
By requiring the participants to dress in this way Zimbardo intended
that they should experience:
a. humiliation
b. optimal distinctiveness
c. aggression
d. deindividuation
e. dehumanisation
In relation to aggression, the idea behind catharsis is reflected in
one of the following examples about Paul:
a. by practising meditation he is less likely to be violent in other
settings
b. by playing football he can let off steam, and is less likely to
be violent off the field
c. by playing football he is more likely to be violent off the field
d. by verbally abusing his spouse he is more likely to physically
assault her
e. none of the above
Aggression in animals serves ______________ function in relation to
the young but __________ in the hunting behaviour of predators.
a. an assertive , is also present
b. an assertive, is not present
c. a protective, is also present
d. a protective, is not present
e. mobbing, is also present
“Fighting like a cornered rat” is motivated by ____________ an
animal’s ___________________
a. an invasion of, critical distance
b. the mobbing of, extended family
c. overcrowding in, enclosure
d. overcrowding in, native habitat
e. the destruction of, native habitat
The following statements attempt to summarise the research evidence
examining the relationship between viewing media violence and acting
in a violent or aggressive fashion. Which one is untrue?
a. Children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of
others
b. Children frequently mimic what they see their heroes doing on the
screen
c. Children may become more fearful of the world around them
d. More violent children may be attracted to violent programs on
television
e. Watching television makes children illiterate
When a crowd of disadvantaged citizens start smashing windows and
looting shops, the most likely precipitating factor is:
a. Freud’s Id
b. dehumanisation
c. the reciprocity principle
d. relative deprivation
e. deindividuation
A debate over whether children should be allowed to play very
violent video games brings into conflict two opposing social
psychological views:
a. social learning theory and the cathartic hypothesis
b. psychodynamics and Jungian mysticism
c. the J-curve hypothesis and social identity theory
d. the contact hypothesis and social evolutionary theory
e. social learning theory and Freudian theory
Mike has just failed his mid-term test. He is really annoyed and
knows it as he drives home. At an intersection a car in front of him
stops at a yellow light. Mike thinks they both could have easily
crossed, and angrily blasts his horn long and loud at the Asian
driver. The model of aggression that best predicts Mike’s outburst
is:
a. prejudice against Asians
b. excitation-transfer
c. social learning
d. frustration-aggression
e. relative deprivation
Lisa has a shower after her daily morning run in humid conditions.
She dries off, but still feels sticky and uncomfortable. Aware that
she is late she rushes into the kitchen, finds that Jeremy has
finished the last of the cereals, and verbally abuses him. Jeremy is
taken aback, but remembers from his reading of social psychology
that Lisa’s response is accounted for by:
a. the frustration-aggression model
b. discourse analysis
c. the excitation-transfer model
d. evolutionary theory
e. social learning theory
A common element in most social
psychological definitions of aggression is:
a. the intent to harm
b. hurting people and destruction of property
c. actual harm or injury to persons
d. all of the above
e. there is no common element across definitions
Which of the following approaches does not view aggression as an
instinct?
a. psychodynamic
b. evolutionary
c. social learning
d. ethological
e. both c and d
The view that aggression is a species adaptive strategy to aid the
survival of the species is proposed by the:
a. cathartic approach
b. psychodynamic approach
c. neo-Freudian approach
d. evolutionary social approach
e. social learning approach
Will drinking alcohol increase the likelihood of aggression? Taylor
and Sears (1988) found that there was __________ between the two:
a. a curvilinear relationship
b. a positive relationship
c. a negative relationship
d. no relationship
e. a inverted U-shaped relationship
Studies of the authoritarian personality revealed someone whose
features included both
a. powerfulness, and a capacity for sexual performance
b. rigidity, unreflectiveness, and an admiration for power
c. a tendency toward sexual repressiveness plus a high level of
flexibility
d. rigidity and the capacity for sexual performance
e. reflectiveness and a belief in the inferiority of outgroups
An
ethological perspective on social behaviour is one which
a. studies character and character development
b. focuses on the study of animal behaviour in natural settings
c. focuses on the study of race
d. studies character, character development and the behaviour of
animals in natural settings
e. none of the above
Gottman reports that if the ratio of
positive-to-negative interactions and feelings drops below _ to 1,
the relationship starts to slide towards problems and even eventual
dissolution (when negative acts exceed positive ones).
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 6
The ______________ seems to be the key dynamic in what
amounts to the emotional ecology of every marriage [or de facto
relationship].
a. degree of similiarity in partners' arousal
levels
b. balance between negativity and positivity
c. total amount of conflict between partners
d. similiarity in spirituality beliefs
e. personality match between partners
____________ proposes that
people will assess the reward they receive for the input they give,
and socially compare that with the level of reward-for-input
garnered by a salient comparison other, whether employee or
employer.
a. Equity theory
b. Social comparison
c. Organisational theory
d. Social learning
e. The frustration-aggression hypothesis
How has antisocial
aggression during and as a result of rugby matches in Australia been
reduced since the 1980's?
a. stiffer on-field penalties
b. stiffer off-field penalties
c. a more clear conduct of conduct
d. more rigorous drug-testing
When people learn to expect rewards
in a given situation, and those rewards are not subsequently
delivered, negative emotions, such as feelings of betrayal, will
often result. This is called the ______________, which results from
being over-promised and under-delivered.
a. frustration effect
b. negative affect reciprocity effect
c. temperature-aggression hypothesis
d. equity theory