Short-answer
- Describe four general social circumstances which establish
psychiatric stigma as articulated by Fabrega (1990).
- What is the contact hypothesis in relation to prejudice and
discrimination?
- How does selective memory contribute to the formation and
maintenance of stereotypes?
- What is the relationship between circadian rhythm and use of
stereotypes?
- What is the relationship between self-fulfilling prophecy and
stereotype formation and maintenance?
- Are gender stereotypes accurate?
- What cognitive methods do minority group members use to
maintain their self-esteem?
- What is stereotype threat?
- What social psychological factors contribute to prejudice?
- How can prejudice and discrimination be reduced?
Multiple choice
Widely shared generalisations about the personality, attitudes,
and behaviours of people based on group membership are termed:
a. the group mind
b. phenotypes
c. stereotypes
d. groupthink
e. group polarisation
A schema in social psychological theorising is a
____________________
a. plan of action
b. widely-shared evaluative image of behaviour
c. role construct
d. cognitive structure that represents knowledge about a concept or
type of stimulus
e. neurally-encoded prejudicial attitude
LaPierre (1934) reported touring with a Chinese couple in the US.
The young couple were refused service in hotels, tourist homes,
caravan parks only once but when around half of these were contacted
and asked the question ‘Will you accept members of the Chinese race
as guests in your establishment?’ 92% said ‘no’. What is the
strongest conclusion to be drawn from this?
a. that the respondents were engaging in discrimination
b. that the respondents were confused
c. that the respondents were prejudiced but did not act in a
discriminatory fashion
d. that the respondents were engaging in discrimination but were not
prejudiced
e. that Chinese people were well regarded at the time
Which of the following can be said to contribute to psychiatric
stigma?
i. the writings of psychiatrists and psychologists
ii. the reactions of friends and acquaintances to the ‘sick’ person
iii. portrayals of psychiatric illness in newspapers
iv. the way the ‘sick’ person comes to evaluate themselves
negatively
v. the behaviour of the ‘sick’ person
a. ii., iv. & v. but not i. & iii
b. iv & v but not i. ii. or iii
c. ii., iii., iv. & v. but not i.
d. i. & iii. but not ii., iv, or v
e. i., ii., iii., iv. & v
Stereotypes change _______________ and become more pronounced and
hostile when there is ____________________
a. rapidly, increased social conflict
b. slowly, increased social conflict
c. rapidly, greater mobility
d. slowly, greater mobility
e. over time, a change in the weather
It has been argued that there is a component of prejudice that
occurs without conscious thought. This is called:
a. modern racism
b. aversive racism
c. authoritarianism
d. an automatic process
e. a controlled process
Explanations of prejudice which propose the existence of an
authoritarian personality have been criticised:
a. for being reductionist
b. on methodological grounds
c. for failing to adequately explain widespread prejudice
d. both a and b
e. a, b and c
Prejudice is:
a. the affective component of an attitude
b. a genetically-controlled emotional response to other people
c. a pre-judgement usually based on a person’s group membership
d. a belief usually acquired by contact with an attitude object
e. an act of discrimination against an outgroup member
Contact between groups is more likely to be successful in reducing
prejudice when:
a. there is sustained close contact between groups
b. there is equal status between groups
c. there is intergroup cooperation
d. both a and b
e. a, b and c
The fundamental cause of prejudice, according to the cognitive
view is:
a. stereotypes
b. role models
c. social norms
d. schemas
e. social comparison
In the US, Duncan (1976) demonstrated in an experiment on Social Cognition
that the act of pushing was judged more _______________ when performed by a
________person irrespective of the ethnicity of the target person
a. violent, white
b. out-of-character, white
c. violent, black
d. annoying, black
e. distressing, black
____________________ leads to more reliance on stereotypes.
a. low IQ
b. parents' attitudes
c. cognitive busyness
d. mental illness
e. impression formation