Hattie, et al (1997)
Hattie, Marsh, Neill and Richards (1997) proposed
four theoretical elements which they suggested be further investigated:
- immediately engaging nature of adventurous outdoor experiences that
emphasizes a "here and now" focus for participants and gets them actively
involved;
- difficult, but achievable goals are set and substantial support is
provided to help participants achieve these difficult goals;
- large amount of feedback and high quality feedback is provided to the
learner through their own actions, through the behavior of others, from
the instructor, from the tasks, and from the environment
- reassessment of individual's coping skills takes adaptation and
learning of new coping skills
Hattie et al (1997) also note that there is surprisingly little theoretical
literature in outdoor education emphasizing the relationship that
occurs between individuals and elements of the natural environment during
outdoor education experiences. |